U-Kei Sato ubuka inselelo yakhe enkulu elandelayo eminyakeni emihlanu eyedlule lapho ishaya - futhi umhlaba - ebusweni. Isazi se-virologist sisanda kuqala iqembu elizimele e-University of Tokyo futhi lazama ukukhipha i-niche emkhakheni ominyene nocwaningo lwe-HIV. "Ngacabanga, 'Yini engingayenza eminyakeni engama-20 noma engama-30 elandelayo?'"
Wathola impendulo kwa-SARS - I-COV - 2, leli gciwane elibhekele ecaleni - Ubhubhane lwangu-19, okwakukhona ukusakazeka ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-Mashi 2020, njengoba amahemuhemu agxunyeka lelo dolobha elingase libhekane nokujikeleza okungamisa imisebenzi yocwaningo, i-SATO kanye nabafundi abahlanu bakhohlise elabhorethri eyayibe ngumeluleki eKyoto. Lapho, baqala ukutadisha amaprotheni amagciwane lapho abakwaSARS - Cov - Ukusetshenziswa 2 Qeda izimpendulo zokuqala zomzimba. USato washeshe wasungula umhlangano wabacwaningi obuzoqhubeka ukushicilela okungenani izifundo ezingama-50 kuleli gciwane.
Eminyakeni emihlanu nje, abakwa-SARS - I-Cov - 2 yaba ngenye yamagciwane asondele kakhulu ePlanethi. Abaphenyi bashicilele cishe ama-150,000 izindatshana zokucwaninga ngakho, ngokusho kwedatha yokucaphuna i-scopus. Lokho kucishe kube kathathu inani lamaphepha ashicilelwe kwi-HIV ngasikhathi sinye. Ososayensi baye bakhiqize nezigidi ezingaphezu kwezingu-17 - I-Cov - 2 genome ukulandelana kuze kube manje, ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi okunye ukudla. Lokhu kunikeze umbono ongenakuqhathaniswa ezindleleni lapho leli gciwane lashintsha ngalo njengoba izifo zisakazeka. "Kube nethuba lokubona ubhubhane ngesikhathi sangempela ekuxazululeni okuphezulu kakhulu kunangaphambili," kusho uTom Peacock, isazi se-virologist ePirbright Institute, eduzane nase-Wking, e-UK.
Manje, ngesigaba esiphuthumayo sobhubhane ngemuva - ukubuka isibuko, ama-virologists athatha isitoko salokho okungafundwa ngegciwane lesikhathi esifushane, kufaka phakathi Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwayo kanye nokusebenzisana kwayo nabaphathi babantu. Nazi izifundo ezine ezivela kubhubhane elithi elinye lithini linganikezela Ukusabela komhlaba kuma-pandemics wesikhathi esizayo - Kepha kuphela uma isayensi nomphakathi - Izikhungo zezempilo zisendaweni ukuze zizisebenzise.
Ukulandelana kwamagciwane Tshela izindaba
Ngomhlaka 11 kuJanuwari 2020, udokotela wezemvelo e-University of Sydney, e-Australia, wabelana nalokho ososayensi abaningi abakubheka njengokugcina kwaba sakwa-SARS bokuqala - Wayethole imininingwane evela kudokotela we-virologist Zhang Yongzhen e China.
Ekupheleni konyaka, ososayensi bangenise ukulandelana okungaphezulu kwama-300,000 endaweni yokugcina eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Global Personation ekwabelaneni yonke idatha yomkhuhlane (Gisaid). Izinga lokuqoqwa kwedatha lithola ngokushesha lapho njengoba kudidekile ukuhlukahluka kwegciwane. Amanye amazwe alima izinsiza ezinkulu ekuhleleni kwa-SARS - 2: phakathi kwabo, i-United Kingdom ne-United States banikela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-8.5 (bona 'igciwane genome rally'). Ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi bakwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi iNingizimu Afrika, India naseBrazil, bakhombise ukuthi ukubhekwa okusebenzayo kungabona ukuhlukahluka okuphansi kakhulu - izilungiselelo zensiza.
Ku-Oneridemics yangaphambilini, njengokuqubuka kwe-Ebola yaseNtshonalanga yango-2013-16, ukuhlela kabusha kwangena kancane ukulandelela ukuthi leli gciwane liguquka kanjani njengoba izifo ziguqulwa. Kepha ngokushesha kwacaca ukuthi abakwaSARS - Ukulandelana okungu-2 bekuzofika ngendlela ebekiwe nejubane, kusho u-Emma Hodcroft, isazi se-Genomic Eshonemic eSwitzerland Health Institute eBasel. Uyasebenza umzamo obizwa ngokuthi isudi, esebenzisa idatha ye-genome ukulandelela amagciwane, anjengemkhuhlane, ukuqonda kangcono ukusakazeka kwawo. "Sasithuthukise eziningi zalezi zindlela, ngombono, ngabe zazilusizo kakhulu," kusho uHodCroft. "Ngokuphazima kweso, ngo-2020, saba nethuba lokukhuphuka futhi sivuse."
Ekuqaleni, abakwa-SARS - I-Cov - Kusetshenziselwe idatha emi-2 yokulandelana Landzelela ukusakazeka kwegciwane ku-epicenter yalo EWuhan, eChina kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuphendule imibuzo yokuqala ebalulekile - njengokuthi leli gciwane lisakazeka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu noma emithonjeni yezilwane efanayo eya kubantu. Imininingwane iveze izindlela zokuthi leli gciwane lahamba ngalo, futhi libakhombisa ngokushesha okukhulu kunophenyo olungejwayelekile olungaphenywa ngalo. Kamuva, ngokushesha - ukudlulisela ukuhlukahluka kwegciwane kwaqala ukuvela, futhi kwathumela ama-labs alandelanayo kwi-hyperdrive. Ukuhlaselwa kososayensi emhlabeni jikelele kanye nama-Amateur Variant Trackers angena kwimininingwane yokulandelana njalo efuna ushintsho olukhathazayo lwegciwane.
"Kwenzeka ukulandelela ukuvela kwaleli gciwane imininingwane emnandi ukubona kahle ukuthi yini eshintsha," kusho uJesse Bloom, i-viralvolust vivious e-Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center eSeattle, eWashington. Ngezigidi zakwa-SARS - I-Cov - 2 genomes esesandleni, abacwaningi manje base bebuyela emuva batadishe baqonde izithiyo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwegciwane. "Leyo yinto esingakaze sikwazi ukuyenza ngaphambili," kusho uHodcroft.
Amagciwane ashintsha kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe
Ngoba akekho noyedwa owake wafunda ama-SARS - I-Cov - 2 ngaphambili, ososayensi beza nokuqagelwa kwabo ngokuthi bekuzozivumelanisa kanjani. Abaningi baqondiswa okuhlangenwe nakho ngenye igciwane le-RNA elibangela izifo zokuphefumula: umkhuhlane. "Sivele saba nolwazi oluningi ngamanye amagciwane okuphefumula angadala ama-pandemics," kusho uHodcroft.
Umkhuhlane usakazeka ikakhulukazi nge ukutholwa kokuguqulwa kwezakhiLokho kuyakuvumela ukuba aphumelele ukungavikeleki kwabantu. Ngoba akekho noyedwa owake wangenwa yi-SARS - 2 Ngaphambi kuka-2, ososayensi abaningi bebengalindele ukuthi babone ushintsho oluningi lwegciwane kwaze kwaba khona amasosha omzimba, kungaba ngokutheleleka.
Ukuvela okusheshayo - Ukudluliselwa, ukuhlukahluka okuvikelekile kwe-SARS - I-Cov - 2, njenge-Alpha neDelta, kuvinjelwe eminye imibono yakudala. Ngisho nasekuqaleni kuka-2020, abakwa-SARS - I-Cov - 2 bathathe i-Amino eyodwa - ushintsho lwe-acid olukhulisa kakhulu ukusakazeka kwalo. Abanye abaningi bazolandela.
"Engikungalungile futhi angikaze ngilindele ukuthi kungakanani ukuthi kungashintsha yini ngokufa," kusho uHolmes. "Ukubone lokhu ukushesha okumangazayo ekutholeni nasekuhlobiseni." Lokhu kuphakamise ukuthi i-SARS - I-Cov - 2 ibingashintshwa kahle kakhulu ekusakazeni phakathi kwabantu lapho ivela eWuhan, idolobha lezigidi. Kungenzeka ukuthi senzeke kahle esimweni esinganabantu abaningi abaningi, uyanezela.
Ama-Holmes Wonders, futhi, ukuthi ngabe ijubane eliphakeme loshintsho elibukelwe lalimane lingumkhiqizo wokuthi kuzolandelwa kangakanani i-SARS - 2 Ngabe abacwaningi bebezobona izinga elifanayo uma bebuke ukuvela kwenkinga yomkhuhlane obekusha kubantu, esinqumweni esifanayo? Okusazonqunywa.
Isikhulu sokuqala se-Giant egxuma sakwa-SARS - I-Cov - 2 yafika nomusa owodwa wokonga: Abazange bathinte kakhulu ukungavikeleki okuvikelayo okulethwa ngokugoma kanye nokutheleleka kwangaphambili. Kepha lokho kwashintsha nokuvela kwe-Omicron ehlukile ngasekupheleni kuka-2021, okwakukhona kunezinguquko kumaprotheni alo 'spike' asiza ukuthi afake izimpendulo ze-antibody (iprotheni ye-spike ivumela leli gciwane ukuthi lingene amaseli okusingathwa). Ososayensi abanjengoqhakaza baye baphazamiseka lapho lezi zinguquko zivele khona ngokulandela okulandelanayo -
Futhi leso kwakungesona ngisho nesici esimangalisa kunazo zonke i-Omicron, kusho uRavindra Gupta, isazi se-virologist e-University of Cambridge, e-UK. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuvela okuhlukile, iqembu lakhe nabanye babona lokho, ngokungafani nabakwa-SARS edlule - ama-2 variants anjenge-Delta athandwa yi-Delta, u-Omicron uncamela ukuthelela imigwaqo engenhla. "Ukuze babhale ukuthi leli gciwane lashintsha indlela yalo yokuziphatha kwezinto eziphilayo phakathi nobhubhane lalingakaze libonwe," kusho uGupta.
Isikhathi Seposi: 2025 - 05 - 26 5:59:39
