UKii Sato wayefuna umngeni wakhe olandelayo kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo xa yayikroksisa- kunye nehlabathi-ebusweni. I-vitrologist yayisandula ukuqalisa iqela elizimeleyo kwiYunivesithi yaseTokyo kwaye yayizama ukuqhuba i-niche kwicandelo elininzi lophando. "Ndacinga, 'Ndingenza ntoni kwiminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30 izayo?'"
Wafumana impendulo kwi-SARS - Cov - 2, Intsholongwane enoxanduva lwe-Covidvid - I-19 ubhubhane, yayinjalo Ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela. Ngo-Matshi ka-2020, njengamarhe amdaka anokujamelana ne-tokyo evaliweyo eyayiza kuyeka imisebenzi yophando, i-sato kunye neshumi elinesihlanu yabafundi benziwa kwilabhoratri yabasebenzisi kwi-kyoto. Apho, baqala ukufunda iproteni yenyoka - I-Cov - 2 Sebenzisa Qinisa iimpendulo zokuphela komzimba. Kungekudala i-therortorchers yabaphandi eza kupapasha i-50 yezifundo ezingama-50 kwintsholongwane.
Kwiminyaka nje emihlanu, i-SARS - Cov - 2 yaba lelinye le ntsholongwane ihlolisise iplanethi. Abaphandi bapapashe amanqaku angama-150,000 malunga nayo, ngokwesithuba sedatha yesiqhelo. Kudala inani eliphindwe kathathu inani lamaphepha apapashwe kwi-HIV ngexesha elinye. Izazinzulu ziye zavelisa ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-17 ze-17 - I-Cov - I-2 ye-2 ye-genome ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezulu kokunye izinto eziphilayo. Oku kunikezele ngendlela engenakuthelekiswa nanto ngeendlela eziguqulwe yintsholongwane njengosulelo. "Kwakukho ithuba lokubona ibhubhane ngexesha lesigqibo esiphakamileyo kakhulu kunangaphambili," utsho uTom Peacock, ugqirha we-vitrogists kwiZiko lePirbight, kufutshane ne-ew.
Ngoku, kunye nesigaba sengxangxamo se-pandemic esemva kwezivalo - Jonga isipili, oochwephesha be-virogists bathatha isitokhwe sento enokufundwa yintsholongwane kwinqanaba elifutshane, kubandakanya indaleko kunye nokusebenza kwayo kunye nemikhosi yabantu. Nazi izifundo ezine ukusuka kwibhubhane ukuba abanye bathintele i Impendulo yehlabathi jikelele kwi-pandemics ezizayo - Kodwa kuphela ukuba yesayensi kunye noluntu - Amaziko empilo akwindawo yokuzisebenzisa.
Ukulandelelana kwentsholongwane kubaluleke kumabali
Nge-11 kaJanuwari 2020, uEdward Hobmes, i-virogists kwiDyunivesithi yaseSydney, eOstreliya, ekwabelane ngayo uninzi lwe-SARS - I-Cov - Wayefumene idatha evela kwi-virologist Zhang Yongzhen e China.
Ngokuphela konyaka, izazinzulu zazingeniswe ngaphezulu kwe-300,000 yokulandelelana kwendawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi Inyathelo le-jikelele ngokwabelana yonke idatha ye-Influenza (Gisalaid). Iqondo lokuqokelelwa kwedatha lifikile ngokukhawuleza ukusuka apho kuphando olungqungquthela intsholongwane. Amanye amazwe ahlale ubutyebi obukhulu kwi-SARS - Cov - 2: Phakathi kwabo, i-United Kingdom kunye ne-United States igalelo elingaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-8,5 (jonga 'intsholongwane i-genome rally'). Okwangoku, izazinzulu kwamanye amazwe, kubandakanya noMzantsi Afrika, i-India naseBrazil, zibonisa ukuba ukuphonononga okusebenzayo kungabona ukuba ziixhala phakathi - Useto lwezixhobo
Kwisifo sengqondo esidala, njengama-2013 e-An 2013-16 ye-2013-16 eWest African ye-EART, ukulandelelana kwedatha kweza ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kulandelela indlela intsholongwane etshintsha ngayo njengosulelo. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwacaca ukuba i-SARS - I-Cov - Ukulandelelana kuya kufika kwivolumu engaphambili kunye nesantya, i-Emma Hodcroogist, iZiko lezeMpilo leSezzeli kwi-Swiss. Usebenza kwi Inzame ebizwa ngokuba yi-Aktitye, esebenzisa idatha ye-genome ukulandelela iintsholongwane, ezinje nge-mkhuhlane, ukuba iqonde ngcono ekusasazeni kwabo. "Sasiphuhlise uninzi lwezi ndlela, kwithiyori, ingaba iluncedo kakhulu," i-hodcroft itsho. "Kwaye ngequbuliso, ngo-2020, saba nethuba lokunyamezelana nokubonisa."
Ekuqaleni, i-SARS - Cov - Idatha ye-2 esetyenziselwa Khuphela ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane kwi-epicenter yayo E-Wuhan, China, kunye nomhlaba kwihlabathi jikelele. Eli mpendulo iphendule imibuzo yokuqala - njengokuba intsholongwane isasaza ubukhulu becala phakathi kwabantu okanye kwizilwanyana ezifanayo ebantwini. Idatha ityhile iindlela zendawo apho intsholongwane ehamba khona, kwaye yababonisa ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi kunokuba kuhlangatyezwa kophando luka-pidemiological. Emva kwexesha, khawuleza - Ukudlulisela iintsholongwane kwintsholongwane kuqala ukubonakala, kwaye kuthunyelwe iilebhu ze-cunderven kwi-hyperdrive. Ukudityaniswa kweenzululwazi zehlabathi kunye ne-Amateur eyahlukileyo ye-Amateur eyahlukileyo kwidatha yokulandelelana rhoqo ekufumaneni ukhathalelo lwentsholongwane.
"Kuyenzeka ukuba ulandelele indaleko yale ntsholongwane kwiinkcukacha ezinkulu ukuze ndibone ukuba yintoni eyayitshintsha," utsho uJese Bloolist, i-vissolliary ye-chicutionary i-frid Hutchinson eSeattle, eWashington. Ngezigidi ze-SARS - I-Cov - I-COV - I-2 ye-genomes ngoku, abaphandi ngoku banokuthi babuye baqonde ukuqonda indaleko kwindaleko kwindalo yentsholongwane. I-Hodcroft ithi: "Leyo into esingazange siyenze ngaphambili," utshilo uHodcroft.
Iintsholongwane zitshintsha ngaphezulu kunokuba bekulindelwe
Kuba akukho namnye owakhe wafunda i-SARS - I-Cov - 2 Ngaphambi koko, izazinzulu zeza neengcinga zalo malunga nendlela eya kuziqhelanisa ngayo. Uninzi lwakhokelwa ngamava kunye nenye intsholongwane ye-RNA ebangela usulelo oluphefumle "Asinalwazi lukhulu malunga nezinye iintsholongwane zokuphefumla ezinokubangela iibhajeti.
I-Fefluenza isasaza ikakhulu kwi Ukufunyanwa kwezinguquivumela ukuba ikhulise ubugomi abantu. Kuba akukho mntu wayekhe wasulelwa yi-SARS - Cov - 2 Ngaphambi ko-2019, izazinzulu ezininzi azilindelanga ukubona utshintsho olukhulu lwentsholongwane kude kube emva kokuba kukho usulelo oluninzi, nokuba kungcono, ugonyo.
Ukuvela kwe-ngokukhawuleza - Ukudluliselwa, ukwahluka okwahlukileyo kwe-SARS - I-Cov - 2, ezinje ngo-Alfa kunye ne-Delta, ukuqiqa kwangoko. Kwanakuqala nge-2020, SARS - Cov - 2 Ukhethe i-amino enye - Inguqu eyongeziweyo ekhulisa kakhulu isasaza kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu luza kulandela.
I-Hostory engalunganga kwaye engakhange ilindele ukuba ingayitshintsha kangakanani, "utshilo uHolmes. "Ubone oku kukhawulezisa ukumangalisa ngokubhekisa kwingqumbo kunye neenjineli." Oku kucebise ukuba i-SARS - I-Cov - 2 Yayingabandakanyi kakuhle ekusasazeni phakathi kwabantu xa yayivela eWihan, isixeko sezigidi. Ingathanda kakhulu ukuba ikhutshwe kwindawo encinci enabantu abaninzi, uyakongeza.
I-Holmes Woods, nokuba isantya sokutshata sotshintsho esibonakalayo yayiyimveliso ye-SARS - I-Cov - 2 yayilandelwa. Ngaba abaphandi babenokubona inqanaba elifanayo ukuba babukele ukuvela komkhuhlane we-Feneza Surin obetsha kubemi, kwisigqibo esifanayo? Oko kuhlala kumisiwe.
Ibhulukhwe yokuqala ye-Giant ye-SARS - I-Cov - 2 yeza noGrace osindisayo: Abazange bachaphazele kakhulu ubugogo ukukhuselwa zizinikezo kunye nosulelo lwangaphambili. Kodwa loo nto itshintshile ngokuvela kwe-omicron eyahlukileyo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-2021, eyayinotshintsho kwiproteni yayo 'ye-Spike' iProtein eyanceda ukuba i-Dodge proteses (iproteni ye-SPIIN ivumela intsholongwane). Izazinzulu ezifana ne-quoom ziye zatyhalwa ngendlela yokutshintsha indlela eziguqukayo ezibonakala ngayo kwiposi elandelayo - I-Omorinte ezahlukeneyo.
Kwaye loo nto yayingeyolona candelo limangalisayo le-omicron, utsho i-ravindra gupta, i-vitrologist kwiDyunivesithi yaseCambridge, eK. Kungekudala emva kokuba umahluko ovele, iqela lakhe kunye nabanye baqaphela ukuba, ngokungafaniyo ne-SARS yangaphambili - I-Cov - "Ukuya kuxwebhu ukuba intsholongwane ishenxise indlela yokuziphatha yayo yebhayoloji ngexesha lokubhubhani yayingazange ibonwe ngaphambili," utshilo uGupta.
I-PATAMT: 2025 - 05 - 26:59:39:39
