Kei Sto wuxuu raadinayay caqabadiisa weyn ee xigta shan sano ka hor markii ay ku garaacday isaga - iyo adduunka - wajiga. Dhax-yar ayaa dhawaan bilaabay koox madax-bannaan oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda Tokyo waxayna isku dayaysay inay ku wareejinayso wax ku saabsan suugaanta ah ee ka mid ah dadka dadku ku badan yahay ee baarista HIV. "Waxaan moodayay, 'Maxaan sameyn karaa 20 ama 30 sano ee soo socota?'"
Wuxuu jawaab ka helay SARS - Covov - 2, fayras mas'uulka ka ah qadka Qaadashada - 19 No si dhakhso ah u faafiya adduunka. Bishii Maarso 2020, sida wararka xanta ah ayaa la yaabay in Tokyo ay wajihi doonto shaqooyin joojineysa howlaha cilmi-baarista, SATO iyo shan arday ayaa u horseeday sheybaarkii hore ee qaatay Kyoto. Halkaas, waxay bilaabeen inay barto borotiin fayras ah oo SARS - CoV - 2 adeegsiga Quellt ka jawaabayaasha ugu horreeya ee jirka. SATO ayaa si dhakhso ah u aasaasay ururro cilmi-baarayaal ah oo u gudbin doona ugu yaraan 50 daraasad oo ku saabsan fayraska.
Shan sano gudahood, SARS - CoV - 2 waxay noqdeen mid ka mid ah fayrasyada ugu dhow ee lagu baaray meeraha. Baarayaasha ayaa daabacay qiyaastii 150,000 qodob oo cilmi baaris ah oo ku saabsan, iyadoo loo eegayo Scopos-ka Imtixaanka Cabbirka. Taasi waa qiyaastii seddex jeer tirada waraaqaha lagu daabacay HIV isla muddadaas. Saynisyahannada ayaa sidoo kale dhalisay in kabadan 17 milyan oo SARS - CoV - 2 taxane oo Genome illaa iyo hadda, in ka badan xubnaha kale. Tani waxay siisay aragti aan toos ahayn oo loogu talagalay qaababka uu fayrasku isu beddelay sida infekshannada ay ku faafayaan. Tom pe percock oo aad u badan ayaa laga heli karaa guriga ka hor, "ayuu yidhi dhakhaatiirta khabiirada machadka Pirebright, oo u dhow Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, UK.
Hadda, wajiga xaaladaha degdegga ah ee masiibada gadaashiisa - Viewer Mirror, dhakhaatiirta ayaa qaadaya waxa laga baran karo fayras waqti yar oo yar, oo ay kujirto horumarkeeda iyo is-dhexgalkeedii lala yeeshay martigaliyayaasha aadanaha. Halkan waxaa ah afar cashar oo ka socota faafa ee in qaar ay dhahaan awood ay ku xoojiyaan Jawaabta caalamiga ah ee masiibada mustaqbalka - Laakiin kaliya haddii cilmiga iyo dadweynaha iyo dadweynaha - Hay'adaha caafimaadku ay u jiraan in la isticmaalo.
Taxanaha viral wuxuu sheegaa sheekooyinka
11kii Jannaayo 2020, Edward Holmes, oo ah mid takhasusle ah oo ku takhasustay Jaamacadda Sydney, Australia, oo ay wadaagaan waxa ugu badan ee Saynisyahannada ugu horreeya) Covol - wuxuu ka helay xogta fayraska Zhang Yongzhen ee Shiinaha.
Dhamaadka sanadka, saynisyahannadu waxay soo gudbiyeen in kabadan 300,000 taxane ah oo ku saabsan kaydka loo yaqaan ' Isutig caalami ah oo la wadaago dhammaan xogta hargabka (Gisaid). Heerka xog aruurinta oo keliya ayaa ka dhakhso badan halkaas markii ay u dhintaan wax dhibaato ah ee fayraska ay qabatay. Wadamada qaarkood ayaa ku qodayay ilo aad u weyn xagga SARS - COV - Dhanka kale, saynisyahano ka tirsan waddamada kale, oo ay ku jiraan Koonfur Afrika, India iyo Brazil, waxay muujiyeen in kormeer hufan ay ku arki karto kala duwanaanshaha walwalka ee hoose - Kheyraadka.
Faafida hore ee cudurka, sida 'Galbeedka Afrika' ee 2013-16 Ebola oo ka dillaacay, xog isku xigta ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u timid si ay ula socoto sida fayrasku u beddelay sida infekshanku u kala baxo. Laakiin si dhakhso ah ayay u cadahay in SARS - CoV - 2 taxanaha ah waxay imaan doonaan mug aan la fileynin iyo xawaare, ayuu yidhi Emma Hodcroft, Machadka Caafimaadka Genopical ee Swiss Tropical iyo Machadka Caafimaadka ee Swiss ee Basel. Waxay ka shaqaysaa Dadaal loo yaqaanstharin, kaas oo u adeegsada xogta Geddan si ay ula socoto fayrasyada, sida infalawansada, si ay si wanaagsan u fahmaan faafitaankooda. "Waxaan horumarinay qaar badan oo ka mid ah hababkan in, aragti ahaan, ay noqon laheyd wax faa iido badan," Hodcroft ayaa yidhi. "Markiiba si lama filaan ah, ee 2020, waxaan helnay fursad aan ku soo bandhigi karno oo aan soo bandhigno."
Bilowgii, SARS - CoV - 2 xog ah oo xog ah ayaa loo isticmaalay Raadi faafitaanka fayraska ku yaal Epicenter Wuhan, china, ka dibna caalamiga ah. Tani waxay u jawaabtay su'aalaha hore ee ugu muhiimsan - sida in fayrasku si weyn ugu dhex faafo dadka ama isla ilo xayawaan ah oo aadanaha ah. Xogta ayaa shaaca ka qaaday wadooyinka juqraafi ahaaneed ee uu fayrasku u safray, wuxuuna u muujiyey aad uga dhakhso badan sidii baaritaanada caadiga ah ee cudurka. Goor dambe, dhaqso - gudbinta kala duwanaanshaha fayraska ayaa bilaabmaysa, oo loo diraa sheybaarka sheyganka sicir-bararka. Wadarta guud ee saynisyahanada iyo tabaha kala duwanaanshaha hiwaayadda ee hiwaayadda waxay ku argagaxeen xog isku xigxiga oo had iyo jeer ka raadiya walwal fayras.
"Waxaa suurta gal ah in lala socdo isbeddelka fayraskan faahfaahinta aad u weyn si aad u aragto sida saxda ah ee isbedelka, bayoolajiyad isbedel ah, bayoolajiyad viral-ka ee xarunta kansarka ee Fred Hutchon, Washington. Oo leh malaayiin SARO - Covov - 2 Gromos oo gacanta ku jira, cilmi baarayaashu hadda dib ayey ugu noqon karaan oo waxay baran karaan inay fahmaan caqabadaha ku saabsan isbedelka fayraska. "Taasi waa wax aan waligey awoodin inaan horay u qaban karno," ayuu yidhi Hodcroft.
Fayrasyadu way isbedelaan wax ka badan sidii la filayay
Sababtoo ah qofna weligiis ma uusan baran SARS - CARS - 2 ka hor, saynisyahannadu waxay la yimaadeen fikradahooda ku saabsan sida ay ula qabsan karto. Qaar badan ayaa hagaya khibradaha ay la leeyihiin fayras kale oo RNA ah oo sababa infekshinka neef-mareenka: hargabka. "Ma haysanno macluumaad badan oo ku saabsan fayrasyada kale ee neef-mareenka ee sababi kara cudurro," ayuu yidhi Hodcroft.
Hargabku wuxuu badanaa ku fidaa Helitaanka isbadalkuTaasi waxay u oggolaaneysaa inay ka baxsadaan xasaanadda dadka. Sababtoo ah qofna weligiis ma uusan qabin SARS - 2 ka hor 2019, saynisyahanno badan oo ka dib, in ka dib markii ay jiraan cadaadis badan oo ay ku jiraan nidaamyada difaaca ee dadka, ama si ka sii wanaagsan, oo si ka sii wanaagsan, tallaalka.
Soo bixitaanka dhaqso - gudbinta, kala duwanaanshaha dhimashada ee SARS - CoV - sida Alpha iyo Delta, ayaa baabi'isay qaar ka mid ah fikradaha hore. Xitaa horaantii 2020, SARS - CoV - 2 waxay soo qaateen hal amino - acid-ka aashitada oo si weyn u xoojiyey faafitaankeeda. Qaar kale oo badan ayaa raaci doona.
"Waxa aan khaldamay oo aan filaynin intee le'eg ayay u beddeli doontaa muuqaalka," ayuu yidhi Holmes. "Waxaad aragtay dardargelintan cajiibka ah ee gudbinta iyo gebi ahaanba." Tani waxay soo jeedisay in SARS - CoV - 2 si gaar ah looma waafajin si ay ugu faafiyaan dadka ka dhexeysa dadka markii ay ka soo baxday Wuhan, magaalo malaayiin ah. Waxay si fiican u fiicnaan lahayd goob aad u yar oo aad u yar oo aad u badan, ayuu raaciyay.
Holmes yaaban, sidoo kale, in xawaaraha dheecaanka ee isbedelka la arkay uu ahaa mid ka mid ah wax soo saarka sida aad u dhow SARS - 2 waa la raacay. Baarayaasha waxay arki doonaan isla heerka haddii ay daawadaan soo bixitaanka xaragada hargabka oo ku cusub dadka, isla xalka? Taas oo weli ah in la go'aamiyo.
Theps-ka weyn ee Sars - Covov - 2 ayaa qaatay in la raaco hal nimco badbaadin ah: wax xun kama saameeyeen xasaanadaha ilaalinta ee ay soo saaraan tallaallada iyo caabuqa hore. Laakiin taasi waxay isbedelaysay soo bixitaanka kala duwanaanshaha omiceron dabayaaqadii 2021, kaas oo lagu dhajiyay isbeddelo 'protein' oo ka caawiyay in la dhigto jawaabaha antibody (borotiinka Spike waxay u oggolaaneysaa in fayraska la galo unugyada martida loo yahay). Saynisyahannada sida ubaxyada ayaa laga saaray markii ay si dhakhso ah isbedeladan ay u muuqdeen kuwo isdaba joog ah - Feejignaanno omicron ah.
Taasina xitaa ma ahayn qaybta ugu yaabka badan ee omiceron, ayuu yidhi Ravindra Gupta, Dhaqaalaha Dhaqaalaha ee Jaamacadda Cambridge, Boqortooyada Midowday. Waxyar ka dib markii la soo saaray, kooxdiisu iyo kuwa kaleba waxay ogaadeen in, CARS-yada hore - "Si loo diiwaangaliyo in fayras uu ka beddelay dhaqankiisa bayoolojiga inta lagu gudajiray inta lagu gudajiro faafa ay tahay mid aan horay loo arag," ayuu yidhi Gupta.
Waqtiga Post: 2025 - 05 - 26 13:59:39
